![]() ![]() Urban transformations to sustainability and resilience are enshrined in the 2030 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) (UN 2016) and the New Urban Agenda (UN-Habitat 2016a). The notion of ‘urban transformation’ has been gaining ground in science and policy debates. The perspective emphasises the agency of cities on a global scale and how transformation concepts travel between places.įuture research should aim to bridge across the perspectives to address their respective limitations, for example by bringing in place-based knowledge (‘in’) into global discussions (‘by’) to facilitate cross-city learning. Transformation by cities looks at the changes taking place on global and regional levels as a result of urbanisation and urban development approaches. It serves to understand and evaluate the emergence of new urban functions, new interactions and their implications for sustainability and resilience. Transformation of cities examines the outcomes of transformative changes in urban (sub-)systems. ![]() This perspective represents research that aims to examine and explain why transformations occur and are supported in some places and not others. Transformation in cities focuses on unravelling the diverse factors, processes and dynamics driving place-based transformations in cities. We outline three perspectives on urban transformations for explaining, structuring and integrating the emerging urban transformations research field.
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